Begin each set, respectively, with g for guttural,ĭ for dental, and b for labial [of which word b is the middle con.
'Teutonic.' Once more, learn by heart g, k, gh, g d, t, dh, d Īnd b, p, bh, b. Letter passes into the one following it in the scheme, thereby becoming Recurring to the scheme, we see that each 'Aryan' When labial letters occur, Aryan 6 becomes Teutonic p Īn Aryan p becomes Teutonic bh and an Aryan bh becomes When dental letters occur, Aryan d becomes Teutonic t Aryan tīecomes Teutonic dh Aryan dh becomes Teutonic d. When guttural letters occur (especially at theīeginning of a word, for in other positions the rule is more liable toĮxception), an Aryan g answers to Teutonic (English) k an Aryan kĪnswers to Teutonic gh and an Aryan gh answers to Teutonic g. The scheme is to be read with theįollowing meaning. d, b, is intentional, and essential to keepingĮverything in due order. This is absolutely all that need be remembered it only remains Let the student leam by heart (it is easy enough) the following Its own of representing certain original sounds. Slightly from the Aryan forms, though each language has ways of That the ' classical ' forms, Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit, differ but This being premised, I proceed to give a short andĮasy method for the conversion of ' Aryan,' or, as they might beĬalled, ' classical ' roots into Teutonic roots it being understood ' Teutonic ' form, whether the language be Gothic, Anglo-Saxon,įriesian, Old-Saxon, Low German (proper), Icelandic, Swedish, orĭanish. Ing to account for them exactly, we are usually able, with sufficientĪccuracy, to bring the various spellings of a word under one As far as English philoloyy is concerned, the ' German 'įorms are of comparatively small consequence and, by not attempt. Of varying forms, as due to 'sound-shifting' of the consonants, from High-German (commonly called German'*, thus reducing the number It saves a greatĭeal of trouble to leave out of consideration the Old High-Germanįorms, and to use the word ' Teutonic' as inclusive of everything but Pick's modification of it, as being much simpler. Instead of giving Grimm's law in the usual form, I have adopted Many such examples are very curious, and afford good exercise Only to look out that word, and he will find the solution given. To know how the word slave is connected with y' KRU, to hear, has The English examples are fullyĪccounted for in the present work. The account of each root is, in every case, very brief, and mentions Of rather a speculative character, and of which the proofs are not so List, though I am well aware that a few roots have been included Throughout, I have tried to compile a good practical One of the three differs from the views expressed by the other two Īnd I have then adopted the view which seemed to me most heart, from v* K ARD Lat.Ĭertain, or, at any rate, as universally admitted by all students whoĪdopt the usual method of comparing the various languages of theĪryan or ' Indo-Germanic ' family of languages. In a great many cases they do so, and the result may then be considered as & Lat. When I cite these authorities, I do not mean that they all agree in giving the same result as that which I here present. It is to be remembered that the honour of achieving such results is rather ciue, in many instances, to their predecessors, and especially, in the field of Teutonic philology, to Jacob Grimm. 3rd ed., Gottingen, 1874 ' to ' Curtius, Greek Etymology, English edition, translated by Wilkins and England 'and to ' Vanicek, Griechisch-Lateinisches Etymologisches Worterbuch, Leipzig, 1877.' These books have been chosen as giving the results of modem comparative philology in a convenient and accessible form. The references ' F.,' ' C.,' and ' V.,' given under each root, are, respectively, to Tick, Vergleichendes Worterbuch der Indogermanischen Sprachen. I have added, at the end of the brief account of each root, several miscellaneous examples of derivatives but these lists are by no means exhaustive, nor are they arranged in any very definite order beyond the separation into groups of the words of Greek, Latin, and Teutonic origin. Many of the roots here given are of considerable importance, and can be abundantly illustrated. A few, of which examples are either very scanty or very doubtful, are not noticed. The following is a brief list of the principal Aryan roots occurring in English.
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